Kuzoba namaphutha kunoma yikuphi ukulingisa.Ukuba khona kwalezi zici kuzoletha ingozi enkulu efihliwe kukhwalithi yangaphakathi yokulingisa.Ukulungiswa kokushisela ukuze kuqedwe lezi ziphambeko ohlelweni lokukhiqiza nakho kuzoletha umthwalo omkhulu ohlelweni lokukhiqiza..Ikakhulukazi, njengoba i-valve iwukukhishwa kwegobolondo elincanyana elingaphansi kwengcindezi nokushisa, ukuhlangana kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi kokulingisa kuba yisici esinqumayo esithinta ikhwalithi yokulingisa.
Amaphutha angaphakathi okukhishwa kwama-valve ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa ama-pores, inclusions ye-slag, i-shrinkage porosity kanye nemifantu.
Lapha kuzokwethulwa okukodwa kokukhubazeka okuyinhloko - ukufakwa kwe-slag nokuqhekeka
(1) Ukufakwa kwesihlabathi (slag):
Ukufakwa kwesihlabathi (i-slag), ngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-trachoma, imbobo eyisiyingi engahlangani noma engajwayelekile ngaphakathi kokulingisa.Umgodi uxubene nesihlabathi sokubumba noma i-slag yensimbi, futhi ubukhulu abujwayelekile.Kubuthelwe endaweni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ngokuvamile engxenyeni engenhla.
Izimbangela zokufakwa kwesihlabathi (slag):
Ukufakwa kwe-slag kwakhiwa ngenxa ye-slag yensimbi eqondile engena ekubunjweni ngensimbi encibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokuncibilika noma ukuthululwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe.Ukufakwa kwesihlabathi kubangelwa ukuhlangana okunganele komgodi ngesikhathi sokubunjwa.Lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe ithululelwa emgodini, isihlabathi esibunjwayo sigezwa yinsimbi encibilikisiwe futhi singene ngaphakathi kokubunjwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okungalungile lapho kulungiswa futhi kuvala ibhokisi, futhi isenzakalo sokulahlekelwa kwesihlabathi futhi kuyimbangela yokufakwa kwesihlabathi.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukufakwa kwesihlabathi (slag):
①Uma insimbi encibilikisiwe incibilika, i-ehaust ne-slag kufanele kuphele konke okusemandleni.Ngemva kokukhululwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, kufanele ithuliswe ku-ladle, ehambisana nokuntanta kwe-slag yensimbi.
② Isikhwama sokuthululela sensimbi encibilikisiwe akufanele siphendulwe ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa isikhwama setiye noma isikhwama sokuthela esiphansi, ukuze kuvinjelwe i-slag engxenyeni engenhla yensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuthi ingangeni emgodini wokuphonsa eduze kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. .
③ Izinyathelo zokudubula kufanele zithathwe lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe ithululwa ukuze kuncishiswe i-slag yensimbi engena emgodini ngensimbi encibilikisiwe.
④Ukuze unciphise amathuba okufakwa kwesihlabathi, qinisekisa ukubumbana kwesikhunta sesihlabathi lapho ubumba, qaphela ukuthi ungawisi isihlabathi lapho ulungisa isikhunta, futhi uvuthulule imbobo yesikhunta ihlanzeke ngaphambi kokuvala ibhokisi.
(2)Imifantu:
Iningi lemifantu ekubunjweni kuyimifantu eshisayo enezimo ezingajwayelekile, engena ngaphakathi noma engangeni, eqhubekayo noma ephakathi, futhi insimbi ekuqhekekeni imnyama noma ine-oxidation engaphezulu.
Kunezizathu ezimbili zokuqhekeka: ukucindezeleka kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokuguqulwa kwefilimu ye-liquid.
Ukucindezeleka kokushisa okuphezulu ukucindezeleka okwenziwe ukushwabana nokuguqulwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ekushiseni okuphezulu.Lapho ukucindezeleka kudlula amandla noma umkhawulo we-plastic deformation wensimbi kulokhu kushisa, ukuqhekeka kuzokwenzeka.Ukuguqulwa kwefilimu ye-Liquid ukwakheka kwefilimu ewuketshezi phakathi kwezinhlamvu zensimbi encibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokuqina kanye nokucwebezela.Ngokuqhubeka kokuqiniswa kanye ne-crystallization, ifilimu ye-liquid ikhubazekile.Uma inani le-deformation kanye nesivinini sokuguqulwa sidlula umkhawulo othile, ukuqhekeka kwenzeka.Izinga lokushisa le-hot crack generation lingaba ngu-1200-1450 °C.
Izinto ezidala ukuqhekeka:
①S kanye nama-P element kunsimbi yizici eziyingozi ezidala ukuqhekeka.I-eutectic yabo nge-iron inciphisa amandla kanye ne-plasticity yensimbi ekhonjiwe ekushiseni okuphezulu, okuholela ekuqhekekeni.
②Ukufakwa kwe-slag nokuhlukaniswa ensimbi kukhulisa ukugxila kokucindezeleka, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo.
③ Uma sikhulu i-coefficient yomugqa yokuncipha yezinga lensimbi, kuyanda ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo.
④Uma kukhulu ukushibilika kwebanga lensimbi, kukhulu ukushuba kwendawo, kuba ngcono izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi kuba kuncane ukuqhekeka okushisayo.
⑤ Idizayini yesakhiwo sokulingisa ayilungile ekwenziweni.Isibonelo, i-fillet incane kakhulu, umehluko wodonga mkhulu kakhulu, futhi ukugxila kokucindezeleka kubi kakhulu, okuzobangela imifantu.
⑥ Ukubumbana kwesikhunta sesihlabathi kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuvunyelwa okungekuhle kwengqikithi kuvimbela ukushwabana kokubunjwa futhi kukhulisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka.
⑦ Okunye njengokuhleleka okungalungile kwezikhuphukeli zokuthulula, isivinini sokupholisa esisheshayo sokuphonsa, ukucindezeleka okweqile okubangelwa ukusika izikhuphukeli ezithelayo kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa nakho kuzothinta ukwakhiwa kwemifantu.
Uma kubhekwa izimbangela kanye nezici ezinethonya zalokhu kuqhekeka okungenhla, izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe futhi kugwenywe ukuvela kokulimala kokuqhekeka.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla kwezimbangela zokulimala kokuphonsa, thola izinkinga ezikhona, futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ezihambisanayo, indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga zokuphonsa ingatholakala, enenzuzo ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yokuphonsa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-11-2022